Indicating or recording apparatus particularly applicable to marine logs.



P. G. BLOT-GARNIER & (5.1. CHEVALIER.

INDICATING 0R RECORDING APPARATUS PARTICULARLY'APPLXCABLE TO MARINELOGS.

' APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. 1915.

1,296,947. Patented Mar. 11,1919.

7 SHEETS-SHEET P G. BLOT-GARNIER & G. P. CHEVALIER. INDICATING 0RRECORDING APPARATUS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MARINE LOGS.

APPLICATlON-FILED MAY 5, i915.

1 ,296,94;7. Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

P. G. BLOT-GARNIER (I1 6. P. CHEVALIER. INDICATING 0R RECORDINGAPPARATUS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MARINE LOGS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. I9I5 1,296,947. Patented Mar. 11,1919.

ZSHEETS-SHEET 3.

5 I /7W7 I P. G. BLOT-GARNIER & G. P. CHEVALIER.

INDICATING 0R RECORDING APPARATUS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MARINELOGS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5.1915- 1,296,947. I Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

n In A IIII III II P. G. BLOT-GARNIER & G. P. CHEVALIER.

INDICATING 0R RECORDING APPARATUS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MARINELOGS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. 191a.

1 ,296,94=7. Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

Fig.5.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Fig. 9.

5 az e e 6Z4 P. G. BLOT-GARNIER & G. P. CHEVALIER.

INDICATING OR RECORDING APPARATUS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MARINELOGS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. I9I5.

l ,296,94;7. Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 6- P. G. BLOT-GARNIER & G. P. CHEVALIER.

INDICATING 0R RECORDING APPARATUS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MARINELOGS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. 1915.

1,296,947. Patented Mar. 11,1919.

/ 1 5 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

LrJ

FIQL 4 Figll UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL GEORGES BLOT-GARNIER AND GABRIEL PIERRE CHEVALIER, 0F PARIS,FRANCE.

INDICATING OR RECORDING APPARATUS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MARINELOGS.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

Application filedMay 5, 1915. Serial No. 25,882.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, PAUL GEORGES BLo'r- GARNIER and GABRIEL PIERRECHEVALIER, citizens of the Republic of France, and residents of city ofParis, 9 Rue Bendant, France, respectively, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Indicating or Recording ApparatusParticularly Appli cable to Marine Logs. of which the followin is aspecification.

This invention relates to indicating or recording apparatus actuated bydifference of pressure between two different media or at two points ofthe same medium. The device is particularly intended for use withhydrodynamic logs of the kind wherein the speed of the vessel isascertained from the difference between the pressure and the depressionproduced in the wake of the vessel.

The device of this invention is characterized by the combination of twochambers of variable capacity respectively connected to the two media ofwhich it is desired to ascertain the difference of pressure, and of areturn forceservingto bring back the chambers to their initial capacity.

In the preferred forms the chambers, which comprise a movable partition,are so arranged or connected by a device in such manner that when themovable walls have left their position of equilibrium the indicationgiven by the apparatus is proportional 'to the algebraical difference ofthe respective movements of the movable walls relatively to theintermediary or equilibrium position. This indication always correspondsto the difference of pressure between the two chambers and hence to thatbetween the two media. Inasmuch as this difference, particularly in thecase of the hydrodynamic log above referred to, may be alternativelypositive or negative in value, the needle will travel in two oppositedirections so that the zero occupies an intermediate position on thescale on which are read the displacements of the needle. The returnforce, acting in opposition to the variations in volumes of thechambers, is designed so as to be in equilibrium with respect to thepressures and depressions which may be produced in these chambers. i

The device of this invention possesses the advantage of being verysensitive and it furthermore indicates or records accurately eitherpositive or negative differences of pressure varying from a height ofwater of one centimeter up to a height of five meters and even above.Its employment is conse quently particularly adapted for measuring thespeed of travel of a ship deduced from the difference between thepressure and the depression produced in the wake in the hydrodynamiclog.

The invention has also for its object to provide such indicatingapparatus with a safety device which will serve to prevent theaccidental intrusion of sea water into the chambers of the apparatus,such ingress of Water taking place owing to the fact on the one handthat the apparatus is situated at a level beneath that which would bereached by a column of water at atmospheric pressure which 'actuates theapparatus and on the other hand to a leak taking place in the pneumaticconduit. This safety device is constituted essentially by a capacityinterposed in front of the inlet of the pneumatic circuit of theapparatus into the medial channel of a conduit having the shape of adouble swans neck, this capacity being of a volume substantially equalto that of the chamber to be protected. Furthermore, the capacity isprovided at its lower part with a valve of special construction by meansof which any vwater which may find its way into the capacity may bedischarged and enabling the comn'ulnication between the capacity and theair inlet conduit to be interrupted.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate different constructionalforms of the apparatus, Figures. 1 and 2 are respectively an elevationand a plan and Fig. 3 a vertical section on line AA, Fig. 2, of one formof the device. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of another form of theapparatus. Fig. 5 is an elevation of a particular device for actuatingthe needle. Figs. 6 to 9 illustrate schematically various constructionsof the apparatus. Fig. 10 is a diagram of a relay constructed accordingto the invention. Fig. 11 is a section of the apparatus provided withthe safety device. Fig. 12 is a section of the valve on line BB of Fig.13, while Figs. 13 and 14 are horizontal sections on lines C-C and DD ofFig. 12 respectively. Fig. 15 is a section on line E-E, Fig. 14. Figs.16 and 17 are sections corresponding respectively to those shown byFigs. 13 and 14, showing the operation of the valve. Figs. 12 to 17 aredrawn to a spring will therefore bend up until such i chambers. By meansof this arrangement,'-

larger scale than that of the remaining.

figures. Fig. 18 is a vertical section of 'a modified construction ofthe safety device.

As will be seen the construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, theapparatus comprises roid barometer. Two springs e, placedin 0 positionand under tension along the axis of the chambers, tend to maintain themovable dividing wall 0 in its initial position.

The power of the springs is so adjusted as to be in equilibriumrelatively to the difference in maximum pressure which may be producedbetween the two chambers and their stroke is such that their effects arealways in opposition even when the d1v1ding wall is in either of itsextreme positions.

7 is a ring mounted at 7, f on the wall 0 and actuated thereby to movea: fork g means of links it pivoted at 9 g on an axis perpendicular tothe axis 7, 7. On the fork is carried a lever 11 which actuates througha linkj a recordin needle is adapted to move over the face 0% arecording drum Z of known construction. The chambers a and b areconnected with the media of which the 7 difference of pressure is to beascertained conduits a and b respectively.

' The operation of the device is as follows: When the pressureincreases, say, in the lower chamber 6 and decreases in the upperchamber a, the spring appertaining to the latter chamber is inopposition to the spring appertaining to the chamber 6 against which itis normally in equilibrium and to a sup plementary force equal to thedifference of pressure between the two chambers, This time as it willreach a position whereat it will be in equilibrium with these twoforces. The movement of the wall 0 is transmitted to the recordingneedle by means of the link assemblage f and g which prevents any errorsin the indications givendue to cantingof the wall 0 relativelyto' theaxis of the whatever be the inclination of the wall. the

displacement of the needle will indicatev the difference of the volumebetweenthe chambers. 1 Inasmuch as in a hydrodynamic log the amplitudeof the displacements of the wall 7 must be relatively great a smallmultiplying 4 the chambers is the same on I 0th of its surefie'ct can be'ven to the levers actuating the needle, thus increasing the sweep ofthe inscribing arm relatively to the movements of the means actuatingsaid arm. p

As the area of the dividin wall between faces, an equal increase ordecrease of pressure'in'the two chambers has no influence on theindications given by theapparatus. In this. apparatus the dividingsessesgreat stabilityand; sensitiveness as it moves even with adifference of pressure equal to one gram. per square centimeter. Thesetwo properties are due, the first to the fact that the two .springs arein tension and in' opposition and the second to the Y special slightlydomed shape of the metalcapsules, these being adapted tobe submittedwall posto initial tension withoult in anywise modiable-volume a and b.The'movable walls of these chambers are each constituted by ya rubberdiaphragm n secured'to the face of a piston 11 mounted. on a common rod0 so that, as in the apparatus hereinbefore de-. scribed, to anyincrease of volume of one of the chambers will correspond an equaldecrease of the volume of the other chamber. 1) is a helical springcoiled around the rod 0 and secured thereto at one end at 0 while itsother end isattached to astationary wall m carried by the cylinder. Thisspring is designed so as to be in equilibrium (either when extended orcompressed) with the differences of pressure "existing between thechambers. The needle-controlling device consists ofa sector '9 providedwith a slidingadjusting block 9 actuated either by'a wire or th'readgsecured as atn to'the moving parts pr by a two-part connecting rod 1(Fig. 5) whose length may be varied at will by means of a sleeve 7*screwing on right and left handed threads'carried by the two rods 1"respectively. The latter construction enables the rapid adjustment ofthe needle tothe zero on.-.the scale. When it is desired to render theindicating dial quite independentof the actuating mechanism of theapparatus, the sleeve r mustv be completely unscrewed to allowtheseparation of the two parts of the rod.

The apparatus last described possesses the advantage that, by usingrubber diaphragms to obtain an air-tight joint, greater length ofthestroke of the pistons may be obtained, thus further decreasing thecauses of error due tothe multiplying devices actuating the 'needle orrecordingpen.

The apparatus may also be arrangedas shown diagrammatically, in Fig. 6,in which the deformable chamber is mounted within a rigid chamber b, inwhich case the movable Wall 0 is held .in its normal position by twosprings 6 under tension, and in opposition. The chambers areputintocommunication with the [media of which it is desired to ascertainthedifference of pressure, by conduits a and b. As in the arrangement firstdescribed, any difference of pressure between the media will force themovable wall 0 in the one or the other direction, the volume of the twochambers varying as before in relatively inverse relation. The needle orrecording pen may be actuated by any suitable device similar to thosealready described.

A diagrammatic exeinplification of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 7, thearrangement of parts and functions thereof being similar to that shownin Fig. 1. Two chambers are represented in their entirety by a and brespectively and are each comprised of a plurality of capsules (l.- Alink- It has one end secured to the lever 1' and the other endvsecuredto wall p. Conduits u and b are provided for the chambers (I 'and 7)respectively. Springs 0 are provided for each chamber and normally tendto maintain the wall 1) in its initial position. In Fig. 8 which is adiagrammatic exemplilication of a modification of the apparatus, the twochambers are represented by at and b and the capsules by d. Springs 6are provided for each chamber and actuate links h which in turn actuatethe lever to which in this instance is pivoted between the two chambers.Conduits a and b are provided for each chamben I In Fig. 9 whichrepresents a further modification of the invention, chambers a and bwith the capsules at are shown. Springs e are provided for each chamber.The spring the apparatus per unit of area is insuflicient for actuatingthe indicating or recording device, use is made of a multiplying relayin which pressure is transmitted to the device by hydraulic means. Thisrelay, which is designed on the same lilies as some of the devicesalready described. comprises a large cylinder 8 (see Fig. 10) withinwhich are mounted two pistons t and '11 between which is held a rubberdiaphragm v for obtaining an air-tight joint, the pistons being held intheir initial position by springs 6 under tension. These pistons dividethe cylinder into two chambers a and I) of variable volume, which areput into communication (by means of conduits a and b respectively) withthe media between which the difference of pressure is to be ascertained.To the ends of the large cylinders are secured smaller cylinders s and sin which slide )istons t u which are res ectivel secured to the largerpistons 25 and u. The cylinders s and s are put into communication bymeans of conduits s and s with chambers a and b of an indicating orrecording device or even manometric tubes. As will be seen, thedifference of pressure per unit of area of the pistons f and u ismultiplied by the ratio of the area of the large piston to the area ofthe smaller piston. The difference of pressure thus multiplied ispreferably transmitted to the device by a hydraulic medium.

The chambers of the apparatus may be arranged in a manner different fromthose already described, Fig. 7 illustrating an arangement in which thechambers, which are constituted by a plurality of capsules, are mountedin opposition, while in Figs. 8 and 9 the chambers are arranged in parallel position, the needleor recording pen controlling device beingactuated either by the middle portion of a lever to connecting togetherthe movable walls of the two chambers (Fig. 8) or by an extension onsaid lever, in which case the lever is pivotally mounted as at .c on arod carried by one of the moving walls.

All the arrangements above described apply whether the chambers areconstituted by deformable capsules or are chambers provided withpistons, while the different arrangements might also be applied to themultiplying relay.

The dynamometrical arrangement employed in this device and constitutedby the combinationoftwo springs mounted in tension or compression andacting in opposition on a movable receiving surface, is applicable toall measuring devices depending for their action on the elasticity ofmetals, this arrangement affording great sensitiveness and stability inposition of equilibrium.

In the arrangement illustrated in Figs. 11 to 17, each of the deformablechambers of. the indicating or recording instrument is provided with asafety device comprising a capacity 1 whose volume is substantiallyequal to thew'olume of the deformable chamber it is intended to protect.The capacity 1 corresponding to' the upper deformable chamber isinterposed in the middle branch of a double swan neck 2 whose'open endis connected with t] air conduit 3. The capacity appertaining to thelower deformable chamber may be connected in a similar manner orpreferably as shown on the drawing beneath the chamber it is intended toprotect. Each of the safety capacities 1 is provided at the pointwhereat the air conduit debouches therein with a purge cock of specialconstruction. The body 4 of this cock is provided with two openings 5and 6 to which are respectively connected the air delivery conduit 3 andthe purge conduit 7, said body being furthermore provided with an airinlet port 8 and a passage 1) within chamber. As the aircontained int};upper lower part ofthe capacity-L The'plugp-for this valve is furnished.with-a central passage 13 adapted. to put the' lower part of thecapacity 1 into communication, .by means'of a horizontal passage '14,"either with the purgeopenin'g 6 or withthe air inlet 5.: The} plu isfurthermore"provided onfone side w1t a vertlcal slot 1 5 serv 1ncommunicatlon, asshown in 14, betwee'nthe port8 in the. valvebodyandthelower conduit, it is then-compressed in of the valve islmvcommunicatil the opening 18, iwith th wwen; ar of 1 chamber, itis'fu'lljofwaterlandconstitutes. a liquid. sealed joint, preventin."fall v v of airfshouldthe valvei be a; adly 5 5- 5 In-I'order tocutofi all c'om'muni c tweenfltheappa atus andthe sea, "the ';ip1u must'be rotated through 45-? .clockw-iseffrom. the position {it thenoccupies; \Fi'nally, ffor expelling water from-the chamber-the 1 must be brought. to thef positionfshown in g Y, the drawings." Thewaterfpasses outthrouh' the conduitfifwhile 'airfis adinittedftojzt epper r of the amb hr u h th ir "andlthe'jtube the tube 10. At the endsof the vertical slot 1'5 terminate horizontal passages ,1 6 17 inv c I"onewith-the conduit-and the other with the deformable chamber, so thatshould sea tended to establish communication between theupper part ofthecapacity v1 and the atmosphere when the plug is turned through an angleof 45 from that position in which it is shown in Figs. 1-3 and l4','thus closing the air inlet .5; and purge tube .6. When the' plug hasbeen turned and broughtto thegpo- ,sition'shown in Figs. 16 and-17, thecapaclty 1 isrput into communication, by=means .of

the passages 1314 with thezair inlets and the slot-15 is incommunication with thelower portion ofthe chamber through-the opening 18in theupper part of the valve body.

. The operation of the safety above described, assuming -that at.thetime :when the apparatus in use itisfactuated'byithe pressure ofthewake of the'vessell-and that) place in the'a'i'r conduit, is1-as Iquire'withoutdeparting'fromthe principle a leak takes follows:

Inasmuch ass the f is fnp qui'-i librium with the pressureio'tthe water,'thef latter passes in until it -reachesifjt e- -;idou-ble;

swans neck2 and begins toi-p'ass toi flthe part of said chambercanno-tiescapefthrpug.

the upper bend and in the deformablefchaim bar a of the device andthusfprventsfthe Water from passing into said'chamberi The device then.works normall thg thatflat this time, as the slot l,

st le jlefthe'Pass ge?- =ment the capacity to establish. igs; 13Yand Sal.The valve permitsthe supervision of the I I working of the apparatusand enables the a'blestthe'startingup again of the alpparatus under'thesame conditions as initia The arrangement shown in Fig. 18 might beadoptedin certaincases; In this arrange partme'ntsf lf' an 1" connectedtogether at 'their'lower; part-by means of a u shaped tube, saidtu'beand; the lower part of each compartment being filled by a suitableliquid of densi? lighter than water (e. oil, glycerin), he two:capacities are respectively in communication at their upperpart, the

isdivided into two comwater accident-ally gain access-into the conduitand reach the capacity 1, it will fill the ushaped elbow piece and risewithin the capacity ,1 until-such time as the pres sure of the airtherein will be such that a condition of equilibrium is attained. As

the capacity 1 is of a volume sufiicient relatively to the deformablechamber, the water cannot reach the latter. The advantage of thisarrangement is that in case of accident a layerof liquid .(oil orglycerin) isinterposed between the seawater andthe air conof theinvention; 2 v

f We claim:+' I a I In an apparatusv of'the, character described thecombination of two chambers-of ,afspring with Jone ehd'securedto one ofthe faces-pf-saidwa11 andtheothcr end secured to i the bottom a of the faccompanying chamr,';a second spring with one end securedcompanyinglchamber, the said springs tendij'ng't'o maintain th'e wall inits initialposition,"meanStQactuate saidwall by a liquidwhosefdi'fierential pressure is tobe measured, an indicating needle inthe apparatus.

toft'he -othcrj face .otsaid' wall and with its' i ed "other" endsecured "to the bottom off'the acand-means for transmitting themovements of ,said wall to said indicating needle.

"In; an apparatus of the'ycharacter detion "he- 3- the combinatioin, ofa plurality of chambers-of avariablecapacity, a wall for i thechanrberala'spring having one end fastenedfto, one face of said wall andthe other "'erglfsecured to the bottom of the accompa-"ny'ingj'chamber," a -second spring with one end fastened; to -;theopposite ,face of said wlall andwith- ,its;ot her end "secured to theFits accompanying chamber, the

d springs to maintain the wall in- 105 variable: capacity, alwall forsaid chambers, I

its initial position, means to actuate said wall by a liquid whosedifferential pressure is to be measured, an indicating needle in theapparatus and means fogransmitting the movements of said wall jto'saidindicating needle.

3. In an apparatus 0t the character described the combination of twochambers of variable capacity, a movable wall for said chambers, aspring secured to one face of the said wall and the bottom of theaccompanying chamber, the said spring tending to maintain the wall inits initial position,

means to subject said wall to the difl'erentiai pressure of a liquid tobe measured, trunnions carried by said wall, a ring surrounding saidwall and movable around said trunnions, links for said ring, armssecured to said links, one of said arms having an extension, recordingmeans in the apparatus and a rod connecting the recording means and thearm with the extension.

4. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of twochambers of variable capacity, movable walls co-acting with saidchambers, means to actuate said walls by liquids whose differentialpressure is to be measured, means for restoring each of these chambersto its initial volume, two cylinders for the apparatus, a piston foreach of said cylinders actuated by the movable wall, two chambers ofvariable capacity communicating with said cylinders with a fluid thereinfor transmitting the displacements of the pistons to the movable wall,an

.indicating needle in the apparatus, and

means for transmitting the movements of the walls to the said indicatingneedle.

5. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of acylinder, two pistons movably located in said cylinder and dividing saidcylinder into two chambers of variable capacity, two springs, one foreach of said pistons, the said springs tending to maintain the pistonsin their initial position, means to actuate said pistons by a liquidwhose difli'erential pressure is to be measured, two small cylindersmounted respectively at the ends of said cylinder, pistons movable inthe latter cylinders and actuated by the adjacent pistons of saidcylinders, two chambers of variable capacity communicating respectivelywith the latter cylinders, having a transmitting fluid containedtherein, an indicating needle in the apparatus and means fortransmitting the displacements of the said pistons to the indicatingneedle.

PAUL GEORGES BLOT-GARNIER. GABRIEL PIERRE CHEVALIER. Witnesses:

Dn Win 0. POOLE, 'Jr., T. A. KOSKI.

